What Element Has 17 Electrons – Most atoms do not have eight electrons in their valence electron shell. Some atoms have only a few electrons in their outer shell, while some atoms lack only one or two electrons to have an octet. In cases where an atom has three or fewer valence electrons, the atom can very easily lose these valence electrons until the bottom shell containing the octet remains. Atoms that lose electrons as a result gain a positive charge because they have fewer negatively charged electrons left to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus. Positively charged ions are called cationsPositively charged ions. . Most metals become cations when they form ionic compounds.
Some atoms have almost eight electrons in their valence shell and can gain additional valence electrons until they have an octet. When these atoms gain electrons, they gain a negative charge because they now have more electrons than protons. Negatively charged ions are called anions Negatively charged ions. . Most nonmetals become anions when they form ionic compounds.
What Element Has 17 Electrons
We can use electron configurations to illustrate the process of electron transfer between a sodium atom and a chlorine atom. Recall the electron configuration of sodium from Chapter 2 “Elements, Atoms and the Periodic Table”:
Electron Shell Diagrams Of The 118 Elements
As shown in Example 1 (in Section 3.1 “Two Bond Types”), sodium probably achieves an octet in its outermost shell by losing its one valence electron. The remaining species have the following electronic configuration:
, is called a sodium ion to distinguish it from the element. The outer shell of the sodium ion is the second electron shell, which has eight electrons in it. The octet rule is satisfied. Figure 3.1 “Formation of Sodium Ions” is a graphical representation of this process.
On the left, the sodium atom has 11 electrons. On the right, the sodium ion has only 10 electrons and a 1+ charge.
Only one electron is needed to achieve an octet in the valence shell of chlorine. (In table salt, this electron comes from the sodium atom.) The result is an electron configuration of a new type:
Question Video: Recalling The Species Formed When A Chlorine Atom Gains An Electron
In this case, the ion has the same outer shell as the original atom, but now that shell has eight electrons. Again, the octet rule is satisfied. The resulting anion, Cl
) to form the name of this anion. Figure 3.2 “Formation of Chlorine Ions” is a graphical representation of this process.
On the left, the chlorine atom has 17 electrons. On the right, the chloride ion has 18 electrons and a charge of 1−.
With two oppositely charged ions, there is an electrostatic attraction between them because opposite charges attract. The resulting combination is the compound sodium chloride. Notice that there are no electrons left. The number of electrons lost by the sodium atom (one) equals the number of electrons gained by the chlorine atom (one), so the compound is electrically neutral. In macroscopic samples of sodium chloride, there are billions upon billions of sodium and chloride ions, although there are always equal numbers of cations and anions.
C2 A) Ionic Bonds
In many cases, elements belonging to the same group (vertical column) in the periodic table form ions with the same charge because they have the same number of valence electrons. The periodic table thus becomes a tool for memorizing the charge of many ions. For example, all ions made of alkali metals, the first column of the periodic table, have a charge of 1+. Ions made from alkaline earth metals, the second group in the periodic table, have a charge of 2+. On the other side of the periodic table, the penultimate column, the halogens, form ions with a 1− charge. Figure 3.3 “Predicting the Charge of Ions” shows how the charge of many ions can be predicted by the position of an element in the periodic table. Note the convention that a multiply charged ion is written with a number first and then a sign. The barium cation is written Ba
The charge an atom gains when it becomes an ion is related to the structure of the periodic table of elements. Within a group (family) of elements, atoms form ions of a certain charge.
Chemists use simple diagrams to show the valence electrons of atoms and their transfer. These diagrams have two advantages over the electron shell diagrams presented in Chapter 2, “Elements, Atoms, and the Periodic Table.” First, they only show the valence electrons. Second, instead of a circle around the chemical symbol representing the electron shell, they have up to eight dots around the symbol; each dot represents a valence electron. These dots are arranged to the right and left and above and below the symbol, with a maximum of two dots per side. For example, the representation of sodium is as follows:
It does not matter on which sides the points are placed in Lewis diagrams, as long as each side has at most two points.
How To Calculate Number Of Neutrons, Protons And Electrons In Chlorine Atom?
These diagrams are called electron-dot Lewis diagrams or simply Lewis diagrams. A representation showing the valence electrons as dots around the chemical symbol of an atom (also called electron-dot Lewis diagrams). , according to Gilbert N. Lewis, the American chemist who introduced them. Figure 3.4 “Lewis diagrams of the elements lithium through neon” shows the electron configurations and Lewis diagrams of the elements lithium through neon, which is the entire second period of the periodic table of elements. For main group elements, the number of valence electrons is the same as the group number listed at the top of the periodic table.
Starting with lithium and bromine atoms, use Lewis diagrams to show the formation of the ionic compound LiBr.
From the periodic table, we see that lithium is in the same column as sodium, so it will have the same valence shell electron configuration. This means that a neutral lithium atom will have the same Lewis diagram as a sodium atom. Likewise, bromine is in the same column as chlorine, so it will have the same Lewis diagram as chlorine. for that
Some ionic compounds have different numbers of cations and anions. In these cases, electron transfer occurs between more than one atom. For example, here is the formation of MgBr
Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Crossword
Most elements that form ionic compounds form an ion that has a characteristic charge. For example, sodium forms ionic compounds where the sodium ion always has a 1+ charge. Chlorine forms ionic compounds in which the chloride ion always has a charge of 1−. Some elements, especially the transition metals, can form ions with multiple charges. Figure 3.5 “Charges of Monatomic Ions” shows the characteristic charges for some of these ions. As we saw in Figure 3.1 “Formation of Sodium Ions,” there is a charge pattern on many main group ions, but there is no simple pattern for transition metal ions (or for larger main group elements). Halogens are reactive chemical elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. In order of size and weight, they are: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. Fluorine has 9 electrons, chlorine 17, bromine 35, iodine 53, and astat 85. The larger the atom, the weaker the electron attraction.
As the number of electrons in an atom increases, the radius of the atom increases. The binding of charges, as found in an atom, is governed by a mathematical relationship known as Coulomb’s law,
Where F is the force of attraction between particles, K is a constant, Q is the charge of protons and electrons, and R is the average distance. It is clear from this equation that the larger the atom, the weaker the attraction of electrons.
All the positive charge of an atom is in its center. Electrons closer to the center hold tighter as the number of protons increases. However, the outer electrons are held less tightly because the inner electrons protect them. For this reason, astatine is the one that attracts its outer electrons the least. It also has the least tendency to gain more weight.
An Atom Of An Element Contains 17 Protons, 18 Neutrons And 17 Electrons. Which Of The Following Will Be The Atomic Structure Of Another Isotope Of This Element?
Vincent Summers graduated from Drexel University with a degree in Chemistry in 1973. He progressed through the Citizen Scholars Program at the University of Virginia, taking many courses in organic and quantum chemistry. He has been writing technical articles since 2010. Rediscovering the Elements and the Periodic Table Learn more about the structure of the elements and their position in the table
5 atoms Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter from which everyday objects are composed. There are 90 naturally occurring types of atoms (‘Mad Scientists’ have managed to make about 25 more in labs…)
So small you can’t see them They are made up of even smaller particles called; Protons P+ have a positive charge Neutrons N have no charge Electrons E- have a negative charge NB. Electrons 1800x smaller than P+ and N
Electrons have a negative charge; E- Opposites attract, well; protons (P+) attract electrons (E-) this holds the atom together Video: Basic structure of an atom
Solved Answer Those Questions In Such A Way Easy To Memorize
The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number Atoms electrically neutral Atomic number; For that #
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