How Many Moles Are In 22g Of Argon – Chemical Reactions 12/02/2018 A chemical reaction is when atoms rearrange themselves into something else. For example, consider the combustion of methane: methane carbon dioxide + water Note that no atoms are created or destroyed in this process, they are simply rearranged. So we can write the Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass of substance = mass of reactants
Balancing Equations 12/02/2018 Think like this: Sodium + Water Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen Na O H O H Na + H + This equation does not balance – there are 2 hydrogen atoms on the left (“reactants”) and 3 on the left. right (“product”).
How Many Moles Are In 22g Of Argon
02/12/2018 We need to balance the equation: Sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen Na O H O H Na O H Na O H + H + Na Now the equation is complete and we can write it as: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
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12.02.2018 2 Mg O2 Zn HCl Fe Cl2 NaOH HCl CH O2 Ca H2O NaOH H2SO4 CH3OH O2 MgO ZnCl H2 FeCl3 NaCl H2O CO H2O Ca(OH) H2 Na2SO H2O 2
Atomic mass 12.02.2018 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS, Ar (“Mass Number”) = number of protons + number of neutrons He 2 4 SYMBOL PROTON NUMBER = number of protons (obviously)
12.02.2018 Methane, CH4 Carbon dioxide, CO2 Water, H2O key hydrogen oxygen carbon sulfur Sulfur acid, H2SO4 ethyne, C2H2
02.12.2018 The relative mass of a compound is the number of atomic masses of all the elements taken together. Atomic mass of O = 16 E.g. water H2O: Atomic mass H = 1 Therefore Mr of water = 16 + (2×1) = 18 Add Mr to these compounds: HCl NaOH MgCl2 H2SO4 K2CO3 H=1, Cl=35 so Mr = 36 Na=23 , O =16 , H=1 so Mr = 40 Mg=24, Cl=35 so Mr = 24+(2×35) = 94 H=1, S=32, O=16 so Mr = (2×1)+32+( 4×16 ) = 98 K=39, C=12, O=16 so d. = (2×39)+12+(3×16) = 138
Solved: How Many Moles Are In 22 Grams Of Argon? Mol 0.55 Mol 879 ×10^23 3.65 ×10^23 132.4 What Is The Molecular Weight Of Hbpo4? Mmol 73.4 G/mol 40.0 G/mol 97.99 G/mol 118.2
02/12/2018 Here is a classic experiment where magnesium is heated in a container: Mass of magnesium and container after burning = 78.56 g Mass of magnesium and container before burning = 78.25 g 2Mg + O2 2MgO Mass in each solution is always conserved. Where did this extra mass come from?
11 Sample Questions 12/02/2018 For the following reactions, state whether the mass of the whole system increases or decreases and explain your answer: Iron + oxygen iron oxide Copper carbonate copper oxide + carbon dioxide At the upper level, write the appropriate equation for each reaction, since iron oxide is Fe2O3 and copper carbonate is CaCO3.
Sample questions 1) aluminum + oxygen → aluminum oxide If you start with 27 g of aluminum and 24 g of oxygen, how can you make aluminum oxide? 2) magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide If you start with 24 g of magnesium and make 40 g of magnesium oxide, how much oxygen is used? 3) potassium oxide + water → potassium hydroxide If you start with 9 g of water and make 56 g of potassium hydroxide, how much potassium oxide is used? 51g 16g 47g CONTINUE Write the matching symbols for the above
14 Review Questions 02/12/2018 Here are the gases and gases on the Periodic Table and a picture of carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide, CO2 C 6 12 O 8 16 What is the atomic number of carbon dioxide? What is the atomic mass of oxygen? What is a carbon dioxide molecule?
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02/12/2018 Definition: The mass of a substance is the equivalent amount of that substance in grams, for example, 12 g of carbon would be 1 mole of carbon… …and 44 g of carbon dioxide (CO2) ) would be 1 mole, etc . .. Q. What are the following particles? 23 g sodium 48 g magnesium 36 g carbon 28 g iron 1 mol 2 mol 3 mol 0.5 mol
“Mole” 02/12/2018 Meaning: A mole of a substance is ALWAYS the same number of molecules/ions/particles/atoms: Avogadro’s formula: 1 mole = 6.02×1023 molecules Q. What are the following particles? How many molecules are there in two carbon molecules? What about 2 moles of magnesium? How many molecules are there in 46 g of sodium? How many molecules are there in 23 g of iron? 1.2×1024 1.2×1024 1.2×1024 3.0×1023
12.02.2018 No. mass = Mass (g) Mass of mass (g/mol) N = m M Some sample questions: Calculate the mass of 4 mol lithium Calculate the mass of 2 mol sodium Calculate the number of particles in 36 g of carbon atoms -droplets in 88 g of carbon dioxide Calculate the number of droplets in 27 g water 28 g 46 g 3 mol 2 mol 1.5 mol
12.02.2018 Example How much magnesium oxide is formed when 60 g of magnesium is heated in air? CHECK the gas in step 2 – the question does not ask Step 1: READ the equation: 2Mg + O MgO Step 2: CHECK the relative mass (Mr): 2Mg = 2 x 24 = MgO = 2 x (24) +16) = 80 Step 3: STUDY USING the following three facts: 48 g Mg makes 80 g MgO 1 g Mg makes 80/48 = 1.66 g MgO 60 g Mg makes 1.66 x 60 = 100 g MgO
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02/12/2018 Calculating the mass of an element using dots Let’s try this question again, but using dots: Step 1: READ the equation: 2Mg + O MgO “2 moles of magnesium + 1 mole of oxygen form 2 moles of magnesium oxide Step 2: CHECK the formula mass (Mr) of MgO: 2MgO = 2 x (24+16) = 80 Step 3: Follow this: 60 g of Mg is equal to 1.25 moles (60/48) So we will have 1.25 moles of magnesium oxide So we make 100 g of MgO (1.25 moles)
When water is electrolyzed, it breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen: 2H2O H2 + O2 How much hydrogen is obtained by electrolysis of 6g of water? 12/02/2018 Try Mr: 2H2O = 2 x ((2×1)+16) = H2 = 2×2 = 4 36 g of water produces 4 g of hydrogen So 1 g of water produces 4/36 = 0.11 g of hydrogen 6 g of water will produce (4/36) x 6 = 0.66 g of hydrogen 2) What mass of calcium oxide is produced when 10 g of calcium is burned? 2Ca + O CaO Father: 2Ca = 2×40 = CaO = 2 x (40+16) = 112 80g makes 112g so 10g makes (112/80) x 10 = 14g CaO 3) What is the amount of aluminum that comes from 100g of aluminum oxide ? 2Al2O Al + 3O2 Father: 2Al2O3 = 2x((2×27)+(3×16)) = Al = 4×27 = 108 204g makes 108g so 100g makes (108/204) x 100 = 52.9g Al2O
Alternative 12/02/2018 Try using this equation: Mass of Product in GRAMS Mass of Reactant in GRAMS Mr. of Product Mr. of reactant Q. When water is electrolyzed, it decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen: 2H2O H2 + O2 How much hydrogen is obtained by electrolysis of 6 g of water? WEIGHT OF CHEMICAL IN GRAMS 4 6g 36 So weight of chemical = (4/36) x 6g = 0.66g of hydrogen
02/12/2018 Sample question: 130 g of zinc reacts with 146 g of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form 272 g of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen (H2). Answer the following questions: How much hydrogen was produced? What particles were created/created? Write the chemical equation for this process. 4 g 1 of Zn, 2 of HCl, 1 of ZnCl2, 1 of H2 Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
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02/12/2018 Carbon Dioxide, CO2 Oxygen, O2 Methane, CH4 Water, H2O Key Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Sulfur What are the molecular weights of these four elements? How many grams of each compound would you have if you had one mole? What is the heaviest mole?
24 Reducing Reactants 02/12/2018 What if we don’t get it right? Example question: Consider what happens when you burn methane: CH4 + 2O CO2 + 2H2O A student burns 32 g of methane in 72 g of oxygen. Which reactant is completely consumed? 32 g of methane is 2 moles. 72 g of oxygen is 2.25 moles of O2. This only contains two moles of methane – the reducing “reactant”. 2 bodies (88 g) Q. How can CO2 be formed?
25 A note about volume… 12/02/2018 The two most commonly used units in chemistry are cm3 and dm3: 1dm3 (= 1000cm3) 1cm3 Convert 1250cm3 to dm3 Convert 1cm3 to dm3 cm256dm Convert. to cm3
26 Concentration 02/12/2018 Concentration means “the amount of a substance in a fixed volume” and can be measured in g/dm3 or mol/dm3. A solution with a low concentration (“reducing”) a solution with a high concentration (“stronger”).
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02/12/2018 To calculate the concentration of the material, you can use one of the following methods: Conc. = Mass of substance (g) Mass of solvent (dm3) Conc. = Amount of solute (mol) Calculate, in units, the amount of the following: A solution of 10g of salt in 1dm3 of water 2mol of hydrochloric acid
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