How Deep Is 2 Meters – Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins (DHAB) are oxygen-free, ultra-saline lakes that are more than one mile below sea level. It is one of the most extreme environments on Earth, but life thrives there too. DHAB is home to complex microbial communities that adapt to hostile habitats and contribute to the global cycle of carbon, nitrogen and other key elements.
DHAB is very new in science. The first was discovered in the 1980s and scientists are still discovering DHAB that had never been observed before. DHAB occurs in many of the world’s oceans, including the Eastern Mediterranean, Gulf of Mexico, and Red Sea.
How Deep Is 2 Meters
I sent back photos of the normal Mediterranean seabed (left), the murky waters of the DHAB (right), and the white “beach” in between them. (Virginia Edgcomb, WHOI/NSF/ROV Jason/©WHOI)
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They are characterized by depressions, valleys or irregular bowls on the seabed. They are hundreds of meters to several kilometers and 10 to 500 meters deeper than the surrounding seafloor.
They are at least 2 km below sea level and often much deeper. Because they are so deep, the pools do not receive light from the sun, so organisms living there cannot use photosynthesis. Primary producers, organisms that form the basis of food chains, instead rely on chemosynthesis. Through chemosynthesis, primary producers use energy stored in inorganic compounds to produce sugars.
Also, because it is so deep, the pressure of DHAB is very high. For example, organisms living in the Discovery and Urania basins of the eastern Mediterranean must be able to withstand pressures about 350 times higher than at the surface. That could pose problems for researchers trying to bring organisms to the surface for study. Many organisms adapted to such high pressures do not survive the journey to sea level, where the pressure is much lower.
This means that it is up to 10 times saltier than regular sea water. This makes the water in the basin very dense and prevents it from mixing with the normal sea water above it.
Dye Tracing And Concentration Mapping In Coastal Waters Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Different DHABs have different concentrations of salt and may have different types of salt. Some contain sodium chloride (NaCl), which is mostly used as table salt. Others have high concentrations of magnesium chloride, MgCl.
. This is important because different salts cause different problems to living cells. In general, cells work better with high sodium than with high magnesium.
) organisms can use for respiration. The organisms that live here are anaerobic and metabolize without dissolved oxygen. Some of them depend on molecules like nitrate for respiration, and some get their carbon from gases like carbon dioxide (CO).
) instead of eating other organisms or organic particles. Many anaerobic microorganisms die when exposed to even a little oxygen. This could be a problem for scientists trying to bring organisms to the surface to study.
Solved 2. A Rectangular Olympic Sized Swimming Pool Is 2
Many DHABs also contain toxic chemicals such as sulphides and methane, which are produced by geothermal activity or by microorganisms that live in the watershed. For example, bacteria that obtain their survival energy by using sulfate instead of oxygen (as an electron acceptor) produce sulfide as a by-product. Sulfides are toxic to many forms of life, including most bacteria. However, some bacteria and archaea have evolved to use these substances in their metabolism.
Some DHABs contain salt domes, lumps of hardened salt. They can provide salt to DHAB saline. In some DHABs, methane and other gases accumulate in reservoirs beneath the seafloor. Gases can seep upward and push up sediment domes on the seafloor called mud volcanoes. The gas can crack through the soft sediment, causing “miniature eruptions” of coarse plumes laden with sediment.
We didn’t even know DHAB existed until the 1980’s, and DHAB didn’t have life until the 1990’s. Many, perhaps most, of the organisms found in DHAB had never been described by scientists before.
These organisms contribute to the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and other key elements in the Earth system. They can also tell us a lot about the first life on Earth. Most biologists agree that life likely occurred in an environment with little or no oxygen, possibly hypersaline, an environment very similar to modern DHAB. Studying the DHAB microbiome reveals what early life looked like and how it lived.
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DHAB organisms can also tell us about extraterrestrial life. Hypersaline environments with little or no oxygen occur on other planets and moons. Could they be populated by microorganisms similar to organisms in DHAB? Expanding our understanding of how organisms withstand the extreme conditions of the DHAB will help us better understand where life is likely to come from and where it must be found.
This image shows two views of the second half of Jupiter’s icy moon Europa. The image on the left shows Europa’s approximate natural color appearance. The image on the right is an additive color composite version that combines purple, green, and infrared images to enhance color differences in Europa’s predominantly water-ice crust. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/DLR) Earth’s oceans are vast and little explored, covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface. Despite our limited knowledge of the depth below, scientists have been able to determine both the average and maximum depths of the oceans through a variety of methods. Understanding these depths is critical for a variety of scientific and practical purposes, from predicting ocean currents to exploring the mysteries of deep-sea life.
So how deep is the ocean (on average) and the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the world’s oceans? Here is an amazing video posted by National Geographic that answers this very question.
7 miles down… more than a mile deeper than Mount Everest went up. To reach the deepest part of the Mariana Trench, James Cameron has to pass some pretty amazing milestones. You can get a sneak peek here.
Bridge Fishing For Big Fish
On March 26, 2012, Canadian film director James Cameron (born August 16, 1954) reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench in a submersible.
. He was the first person to do this on a solo descent and the only third person to do so.
The first multi-person descent was made with the Trieste, a Swiss-designed, Italian-built, US Navy-owned Basiscarp that reached the bottom at 13:06 on 23 January 1960 with Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard aboard. Iron shot was used for ballast and gasoline for buoyancy.
The on-board system indicated a depth of 11,521 m (37,799 ft), which was later corrected to 10,916 m (35,814 ft). There have also been two unmanned landings: ROV’s Kaikō in 1996 and Nereus in 2009.
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The average depth of the ocean is 14,000 feet (4,267 meters). Depth of the Sea: Important Points
Deep Discover the Deep: A visual guide to ocean layers. This image shows the sea at different levels, from the sunlit surface to the completely dark subterranean zone, the deepest part of the ocean located in the trench. Each layer is home to unique ecosystems and geologic features, with temperatures and pressures that can challenge even the toughest creatures. The deepest point in Earth’s oceans is 36,069.55 feet ± 131,234 feet (10,994 meters ± 40 meters). Maximum known depth of the Mariana Trench (Challenger Deep). Understanding these depths is critical for seafloor mapping, climate change monitoring, and developing sustainable fishing methods. Image Source: Insert Photo
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I am a software developer, former racing cyclist and science enthusiast. She is also an animal lover! I write about planet earth and science on this website. I also take care of stray cats and dogs. Please support me on Patreon. The deep sea is broadly defined as the seafloor where the light begins to fade at a depth of approximately 200 m (656 ft), or at the transition point from continental shelf to continental slope.
Swimming Pool Depth Marker Stock Photos
The deep sea is considered to be the least explored biome on Earth, and extreme conditions make it difficult to access and explore the area.
Organisms can survive in the deep sea through a variety of feeding methods including scavenging, predation, and filtration, and many organisms survive by eating marine snow.
In 1960, the Trieste Basiscarp sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench near Guam, at 10,911 m (35,797 feet; 6,780 miles), the deepest in the known ocean. If Mount Everest (8,848 m or 29,029 ft or 5,498 miles) were submerged there, the summit would be more than 2 km (1.2 miles) below the surface. After Trieste was decommissioned, the Japanese remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Kaikō was the only vessel capable of reaching this depth until it became lost at sea in 2003.
In May and June 2009 the hybrid ROV Nereus returned to Challger.
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